Loanword Nativization in German*
نویسندگان
چکیده
The present article examines the changes that affect stressed vowels in the nativization of loanwords into Standard German, e.g. laxing of vowels like [i] to [i] in Ffijrma (< Italian Ffijrma). An Optimality-Theoretic treatment (Prince & Smolensky 1993) of the loanword data is proposed in which the nativization process is accounted for by ranking two MARKEDNESS constraints ahead of two FAITH constraints. A significant finding is that these four constraints äs well äs the ranking MARKEDNESS :» FAITH are independently required for the nätive lexicon of German. Thus, we conclude that our treatment is inherently superior to any rule-based analysis because a rule-based treatment would be foreed to posit specific rules to account for the loanword data which have no independent motivation.
منابع مشابه
The Role of Loanword Diffusion in Changing Adaptation Patterns: A Study of Coronal Stops in Japanese Borrowings
Optimality-Theoretic analyses of loanword phonology account for the phonological adaptations seen in loanwords using one of two mechanisms: markedness constraints in the phonology of L1 speakers, and perceptual biases affecting the input. However, while these analyses may be able to account for the synchronic behavior of a single speaker in borrowing a particular loanword, they cannot easily ac...
متن کاملForeign names into native tongues
The transfer of sound from one language into another is not a uniform process, but rather, takes different forms depending on the orthographies and phonological properties of source and target languages, the less common of which involve processes significantly different from transliteration between European phonetic scripts. This paper pools techniques commonly used in loanword phonology and se...
متن کاملIntroducing nativization to Spanish TTS systems
In the modern world, speech technologies must be flexible and adaptable to any framework. Mass media globalization introduces multilingualism as a challenge for the most popular speech applications such as text-to-speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition. Mixed-language texts vary in their nature and when processed, some essential characteristics must be considered. In Spain and other ...
متن کاملGemination in Hungarian loanword adaptation
An interesting puzzle of Hungarian phonology is gemination in recent loanwords borrowed from English, German (and occasionally, from French). A consonant following a short stressed vowel is often geminated in the loanword, even if the consonant doubling does not have an orthographic reflex in the source word, i.e. the consonant in question is not spelt as a double letter in the source word. Unl...
متن کاملRussian Loanword Adaptation in Persian; Optimal Approach
In this paper we analyzed some of the phonological rules of Russian loanword adaptation in Persian, on the view of Optimal Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky, 1993, 2003). It is the first study of phonological process on Russian loanwords adaptation in Persian. By gathering about 50 current Russian loanwords, we selected some of them to analyze. We found out that vowel insertion, vowel prothesis...
متن کامل